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Independent Agencies
The EPA and NASA were formed as executive agencies for the US government.
Executive agencies.
NASA is the US government agency responsible for the civilian space program. The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) manages the military space program and its own satellites. NASA is an independent government agency as is the EPA, FDA, FAA, and others. These government agencies work together with other federal and state agencies including the military as required by law.
Independent agencies- called "independent" because they are not part of the Cabinet. Three types: * Executive agencies- part of a government department that is treated as managerially and budgetarily separate in order to carry out some part of the executive functions * Government corporations- permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an intelligence agency. There is a notable variety of types of agency. Although usage differs, a government agency is normally distinct both from a Department or Ministry, and other types of public body established by government. The functions of an agency are normally executive in character since different types of organization (such as commissions) are normally used for advisory functions, but this distinction is often blurred in practice. * Regulatory commissions- federal agencies that impose regulations but are free of political influence.Ex. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
D. unfunded Menates
The vast majority of agencies in the executive branch of the federal government are: Cabinet; independent; commissions; and government corporations. There are currently 15 cabinet agencies. Most of these are vast and diverse with numerous divisions and or bureaus. For example OSHA is in the Department of Labor. These are the largest of government agencies, and are directed by a lead official usually referred to as a secretary. The secretaries are appointed by the president with Senate consent, and they often have a number of assistant and deputy secretaries who are also politically appointed by the president. The independent agencies are similar to the cabinet agencies in that the president appoints a lead administrator, and this person reports to the president. Independent agencies are typically much smaller than cabinet agencies and also have more narrowly defined tasks. The CIA, NASA, and EPA are some of the most well know independent agencies. They are called independent agencies because they are not in a cabinet agency. FEMA was once an independent agency but now is in the Department of Homeland Security, a cabinet agency. Government commissions, often referred to as regulatory commissions, differ from these other agencies in that they have multiple leaders. The SEC has five commissioners, of whom one is appointed chair by the president. All of the commissioners are appointed by the president with Senate consent and they serve for fixed terms. Thus, a new president cannot remove them like he can remove the heads of other agencies. These commissions usually regulate business. Examples include the FCC, and FTC. The fourth type of government organization is government corporations. These organizations may have multiple or single leaders. The Tennessee Valley Authority and Amtrak are examples of government corporations. They are usually part public and part private in that they can issue bond debt to raise their own money for capital projects, and also receive appropriations from the federal government. They engage in what are common marketplace functions like communications, transportation, and energy.
In December 1970, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established as an independent agency.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an example of a regulatory agency. The EPA regulates things that have to do with the environment. One of these is the amount of emissions that is allowed to put into the atmosphere by vehicles. Manufacturers try turn out low emission vehicles. The cleanest running vehicles outside of solar cars are natural gas vehicles.
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the FDA, EPA and USDA all share responsibility for regulating pesticide
The FDA, EPA, and USDA all have a part in regulating pesticide usage in the United States.