No, but any photos taken since 1923 COULD still be copyrighted, other than those taken by U.S. government employees.
Any copyrightable photos taken since the U.S. law changed, in the late 1970s, would still be copyrighted.
The good news for you is that the owner of the copyright (especially in old photos) has the burden of proving copyright ownership, if you're infringing, and it is very rare that a licensing settlement cannot be worked out, if it comes to that.
Depending upon what is depicted in the photo, there could also be issues of copyright subsisting in the underlying materials, say, where you take a photo of an original painting and sell copies without a license from the painter.
Yes. All of the photos taken in the movie are protected by copyright.
All of your photos are protected by copyright as soon as you take them.
Photos online would be protected by copyright unless specifically stated otherwise.
Photos you take in Paris would automatically be protected by copyright.
Do you mean copyright protected? Yes, they are.
Yes. There is no minimum age for copyright protection, and the images are automatically protected as soon as they are taken.
Photos are automatically protected by copyright as soon as they are taken, and the photographer is the rightsholder unless other arrangements were made.
Yes! Works of the federal government, such as the great photos NASA makes available are free of copyright protection. Works prior to 1923, such as all of Shakespeare's works, are not protected. There are probably more unprotected works in the world than protected things.
It depends on the circumstances of who took them, when. Your official photo, for example, is not protected by copyright, because it is a work of the federal government. Other photos taken by military photographers, such as are found on DVIDS, are also not protected. Snapshots, on the other hand, taken by someone whose official duties do not include photography, would be protected.
No, but images (such as photos) of the paintings may be protected. Works of that period may also be protected by moral rights in some countries.
Copyright significantly predates the CD, but nearly all CDs are protected by copyright.
No; as works of the US government in accordance with 17USC105, photos taken by NASA are in the public domain.