Rabbis are ordained. They must be knowledgeable in Torah-laws and observances, since part of their function is to answer questions in these matters.
As concerns disputed ordination, every movement in Judaism ordains separately and oftentimes the ordination given by one movement is invalid other movements, especially as concerns the divide between Torah Judaism and Liberal Judaism. However, the process of ordination can only be rescinded on account of grievous acts or excommunication.
-- The modern Reform and Reconstructionist Jewish movements ordain female rabbis. -- The Conservative Jewish movement began to ordain women within the past 20 years. -- Orthodox Judaism has never ordained women.
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Rabbis are primarily teachers. However, they can specialise in different fields of Judaism, some lead congregations, others are counselors, legal experts, etc.
Your question depends on the level of Judaic orthodoxy you intend. For example, in some of the stricter interpretations of Judaism, women are currently unable to become pulpit rabbis. Whilst I cannot offer a percentage, the number of female rabbis is increasing worldwide.
Men can be Rabbis in all forms of Judaism. In Liberal Judaism (Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist, etc.), women can also be Rabbis. There is currently a few practicing female clergy in Orthodox Judaism, but they are not considered Rabbis since it is forbidden for women to be Rabbis in Orthodox Judaism.
Rabbis.
Rabbis.
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Yes.
Rabbis.
The leaders of Judaism are Rabbis. The followers of Judaism are the Jewish people.