Yes
The same time as the Philippines, UTC + 8 hours, are in all of China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore and parts of Russia, Mongolia, Indonesia and Australia.
Yes, the time in both Singapore and China is UTC+8.
Singapore Time and Beijing Time are the same (UTC + 8 hours).
They are in the same time zone.
The government of each country is free to set its time zone(s) to whatever time(s) it chooses.
The same time as the Philippines, UTC + 8 hours, are in all of China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore and parts of Russia, Mongolia, Indonesia and Australia.
Yes
Yes, the time in both Singapore and China is UTC+8.
Singapore Time and Beijing Time are the same (UTC + 8 hours).
They are in the same time zone.
The government of each country is free to set its time zone(s) to whatever time(s) it chooses.
Yes, the time in both countries is UTC+8.
When it is 2:30 p.m. Central European Time (CET) in Frankfurt, Germany, the time in Singapore is 9:30 p.m. the same day. When Frankfurt is on daylight savings time, Frankfurt is only six hours ahead of Singapore. Singapore is in the Singapore time zone and does not observe daylight savings time.
12 hours
The Philippines is not in the GMT/UTC time zone, but in PHT/UTC+8 putting it eight hours ahead of the GMT time zone. Equatorial Guinea is in the WAT/UTC+1 time zone. Neither observe daylight savings. The Philippines is seven hours ahead of Equatorial Guinea.
Philippine Time (UTC+8)
Depending on what you define as Asia, there can be 10 to 11 time zones. Wikipedia says that Asia is from UTC +2 to UTC +12, meaning 11 time zones.