Yes.
Jersey Holstien Ayrshire Guernsy Brown Swiss Milking Shorthorn
Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey, Brown Swiss.
The current popular leader is the Holstein. Other dairy cows include Jersey, Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Canadienne, Guernsey, and Milking Shorthorn.
They range from dark brown to a light brown, usually will have white udders, legs and white around their mussels.
The six dairy breeds in the US are the Milking Shorthorn, Brown Swiss, Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey, and Ayrshire.
The 5 breeds of US dairy cattle are Holstien, Guernsey, Brown Swiss, Jersey, and Ayrshire. I know this because I have cows and am in 4-H.
The dairy cows that we see commonly today originated from Europe. Holsteins originated from the Netherlands, and Jerseys from the Island of Jersey off of England, Brown Swiss from Switzerland, etc.
There are black and white cows that have horns. The most commonly known dairy cattle that is black and white is the Holstein breed. All Holsteins are born with the genetics to grow horns. However, majority of cows, as calves, are dehorned days after birth.
No, dairy cows are not extinct. They are quite common in certain areas, living in either enclosed barns or out on pastures or fields. Ninety-five percent of dairy cows are Holsteins/Friesians (just like the picture of the two Holstein cows above), and the rest are Jerseys, Brown Swiss, Dutch Belted, Montbeliard, Normande, Canadienne, Fleckvieh, and others. Dairy cows are easily identifiable by either the black and white coat colour, or the large udders with seemingly thin appearance (pronounced by the projecting hip bones usually).
Brown cows exist and can have various shades of brown in their coat, such as light tan, mahogany, or dark chocolate. The color of a cow's coat is determined by genetics and can vary among different breeds.
Both (they drink milk there as well as eat beef) but there are more beef cattle.
Smaller dairy cows (Jersey, for instance) are around 1000 lbs. Larger dairy cows (Holstein, Brown Swiss) often weigh up to 1400 lbs, some to 1600 lbs.