yes. (except super-flat worlds)
it is random generation
no
No
You find them
No
You don't, the super flat worlds were meant for creative players to build. The super flat world is made out of 3 layers, the last being bedrock. You can find coal by using Too Many Items mod or SPC mod.
Yes
yes it even has casmes
caves and cliffs update
mine shafts.
Click the button that says: World Type: Default, and it will turn into World Type: Superflat. Then create the world.