continental climates
Continental
The proximity to a large body of water or ocean currents can impact the temperature ranges in cities at the same elevation and latitude. Ocean currents can transport heat, affecting the local climate and leading to variations in temperature ranges between cities.
The largest annual temperature ranges occur towards higher latitudes in the interior of continents because these areas are more distant from the moderating effects of large bodies of water. Water has a high specific heat capacity, which means it can absorb and release heat more slowly than land. As a result, areas closer to oceans experience less extreme temperature fluctuations compared to inland regions.
Inland areas have a greater temperature range because water has a high specific heat. Basically, coastal areas heat and cool slowly because it takes a long time for the water to heat up and cool down (due to it having such a large specific heat).
Continental climate is found in areas without significant bodies of water. This causes these areas to experience large variances in temperature between summer and winter.
Areas in the middle of a large continent tend to have more extreme temperature differences because they are farther from the moderating influence of the ocean. The ocean has a stabilizing effect on temperatures by absorbing and releasing heat more slowly than land. As a result, inland areas experience larger fluctuations in temperature between day and night and between seasons.
Cities in the US with high elevations and desert & borderline desert climates have the greatest daily temperature ranges from Low to High. Examples include Reno Nevada, Flagstaff Arizona and Grand Junction Colorado. All 3 cities often have lows in the 40's and highs in the 90's during July.
Unfortunately, there is no reported data on yearly snowfall per country. This is mainly because it is remarkably difficult to quantify snowfall for such large land areas.
Water remains a liquid over a large temperature range.
It depends on the time period of the temperature range you are asking about. If it is a yearly range then, yes in Siberia (which is quite close to the polar regions at 67ø33'N, 133ø23'E) temperatures have ranged 105degC from -68øC to 37øC. If it is a daily temperature range, then the record is closer to the equator in Montana USA (48°33′25″N 113°0′52″W) where the temperature ranged 56degC from 7øC to -49øC. It is worth noting that the large variations happen in the center of continents and it is more how far form the sea you are that matters rather then how far from the equator you are. It is the thermal capacity and warmth of the Ocean (and the warming of the air above) it that stabilizes temperatures.
Climates at continental shorelines experience a smaller yearly temperature range than inland climates primarily due to the moderating influence of large bodies of water. Oceans and seas absorb heat during the summer and release it during the winter, resulting in more stable and moderate temperatures. In contrast, inland areas lack this thermal buffering, leading to greater temperature extremes between seasons. Additionally, the high specific heat capacity of water helps to maintain milder conditions along coastlines.
Areas near the equator, such as the tropical rainforest regions, are experiencing larger increases in precipitation due to climate change. Additionally, some regions near coastal areas or mountain ranges may also see significant increases in precipitation.