Magma chambers
Seismic crews create hundreds of small earthquakes using explosives and other energy sources. These vibrations are precisely measured by specialized equipment to compile a three-dimensional map of the sub-surface rock formations and petroleum reservoirs.
Oil is produced or extracted from underground reservoirs as explained in the first link. So extraction of oil is the same as the removal of oil from its reservoir. Some oil is not easy to produce. For oil sands (see related link) there are a number of extraction techniques to get the oil from the underground reservoir to the surface.
Underground water is cleaner.
Melted cheese!
Earthquakes occur underground and are felt on the surface. The center of an earthquake on the surface is called the epicenter, and the center of the earthquake underground, where it occurs, is called the hypocenter or focus.
Surface water will collect in hollows, ditches, reservoirs, add to the water table, etc.
Melting Snow,Rain runoff,Groundwater
rock
rock
the natural process of erosion or dissolution of rock, typically by water. Over time, the rock is worn away, creating a hollow space or void beneath the Earth's surface. Caverns can vary in size and shape, often featuring unique formations like stalactites and stalagmites.
Seismic crews create hundreds of small earthquakes using explosives and other energy sources. These vibrations are precisely measured by specialized equipment to compile a three-dimensional map of the sub-surface rock formations and petroleum reservoirs.
An underground cavern is a large cave or chamber typically found beneath the Earth's surface. These formations are often created through geological processes such as erosion, dissolution of rock, or volcanic activity. Underground caverns can contain unique ecosystems and geological features.
An underground cave is a hollow area beneath the Earth's surface that is typically formed by the erosion of rock or soil. These caves can vary greatly in size and shape and are often home to unique geological formations and ecosystems. Many underground caves are popular destinations for exploration and tourism.
Surface mining occurs close to the surface (less than a mile deep), while underground mining is underground.
what is the upper surface of ground water
surface water
simple- underground and surface water ,both are the water only