0
What else can I help you with?
The toxic super oxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes?
The two enzymes that convert the toxic superoxide ion to harmless oxygen are superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxide dismutase converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, and catalase then breaks down the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This process helps to protect cells from oxidative damage.
What are superoxide dismutase and catalase?
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase are antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from oxidative damage. SOD catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide, which is then further broken down by catalase into water and oxygen. These enzymes play crucial roles in maintaining cellular health by mitigating the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species. Their activity is vital for reducing oxidative stress and preventing cellular damage.
How do gram positive bacteria protect themselves?
Gram positive bacteria protect themselves using antibiotic resistance and their flagella to move. They do not have a membrane like the gram negative bacteria.
What is the role of tears in the immune system?
They have enzymes in them to kill pathogens
How do gram positive bacteria protect themselves against harsh environments?
Gram positive bacteria protect themselves against harsh environments by forming thick peptidoglycan cell walls that provide structural support and protection. They also produce spores, which are dormant, resistant forms that can survive in extreme conditions. Additionally, some gram positive bacteria produce enzymes that detoxify harmful substances or have mechanisms to pump out damaging molecules.
What function does catalase have?
to prevent the build up of hydrogen peroxideFunctions of catalaseis a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms that are exposed to oxygen where it functions to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.
How do microbes protect themselves from other microbes?
They proctect themselfs by methylating their DNA and by using their restriction enzymes.
What organisms make restriction enzymes?
Originally restriction enzymes (RE) are isolated from Bacteria and Archaea. Microorganisms uses REs to protect themselves from the viral infection. For example EcoRI is isolated from E.colianbd BamHI is found in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. With the advent of rDNA technology these enzymes are now being produced in lab organisms by cloning and expression.
Why do bacteria naturally contain restriction enzymes?
Restriction enzymes are the bacteria's form of an 'immune system' against viruses (which can infect bacteria). When viruses try to insert their own DNA into a bacteria's genome, the restriction enzymes detect this foreign DNA and cut it out so that the viruses can't replicate and kill the cell.
How do bacteria protect?
To protect themselves, many types of bacteria have developed a method to chop up any foreign DNA, like an attacking phage. They do this by creating an endonuclease, which is an enzyme that cuts DNA.
Why is oxygen dangerous to microorganisms?
Oxygen releases free radicals, which are harmful to organisms. While aerobic organisms have the protective mechanisms in their structure to break down these free radicals, anaerobic organisms do not.
What is phagocytize bacteria?
Phagocytosis is a process in which specialized cells like macrophages engulf and digest bacteria or other foreign particles to eliminate them from the body. The engulfed bacteria are enclosed within a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome, which fuses with lysosomes containing digestive enzymes to break down the bacteria. This process helps to protect the body from infections.
