no
see links below
As always with custody you have to go to court if you and the other parent can not agree.
No, they would be considered a runaway. see links
Sure, if the custodial parent agrees to it. If not, then the non-custodial parent would need to petition the court for a change of custody.
Not as a 17 year old. They may be able to request social services petition the court on their behalf.
If the minor's custody was awarded by court order, probably not, unless one parent or the other petitions the court for a change of custody.
It depends on the custody arrangement and the other parent.
Depends on the laws for custody in the state of residence. Depends on the laws for custody in the state of residence.
NO
The answer to that probably depends a lot on rather or not this parent who consents to the relationship has full custody. If the parent only has partial custody and the other parent disapproves, then you could very well be opening up a big can of worms.
Not without permission of the parent with legal custody. Or they will need a court order.
Only if that parent has sole custody of you or if your other parent is dead. Otherwise both have to sign.
An adult who has legal custody needs to bring the petition for name change to the court.