Not safely. Despite the tales you have heard about this, the pressures of a .44 Magnum are well above the design pressure of a .410. WHEN (not if) the gun fails, someone is going to be hurt. No. Don't.
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO DO THIS!! Never use ammunition in a firearm not designed for it.
The 44 Magnum made by S&W acutally uses a .429 diameter bullet. I am unaware of any .44 diameter bullet loaded in a round called "44 Magnum"
In a .44 Magnum revolver, yes. In a semi-automatic .44 Magnum (such as the Desert Eagle), no.
NO
44 magnum and 44 special.
yes.... with a 44 magnum
Typically, no. There are some .410 shotguns which can also fire one or more rimmed pistol cartridges (usually .45 Long Colt, but I've seen them for .41 Magnum and .44 Magnum, as well), but these are purpose built to be able to do this - it cannot be done in an ordinary .410 shotgun.
Bullet diameter, case length.
No.
If the Anaconda is a .44 Magnum, yes, you can shoot .44 Special in it all day. Also .44 S&W American and .44 Russian if you are of a mind.
Strictly speaking, it would be a magnum CARTRIDGE- bullet is the part of the cartridge that comes out of the muzzle. In champagne and wine, a magnum is a larger thna normal bottle. The term was borrowed by the firearms industry to indicate a larger, more powerful cartridge. Thus you have the .44 Special, and it's big bother, the .44 Magnum.
Yes, .44 Russian and .44 Special can be fired safely from a .44 Magnum revolver. They are the same diameter, shorter, with less power. Also darned hard to find and expensive.