Not likely but possible.
sometimes.
There's no possible way to pass inspection with a bad catalytic converter, if if you find out you have a bad catalytic converter during your inspection you have a chance after you after you have replaced the catalytic converter and the inspection no no charge/free!!
Yes, the unburnt fuel from poor timing will enter the converter and slowly destroy it.
Yes, if it is clogged very badly.
No, the catalytic converter is downstream from the EGR valve so it has no effect on it.
Transmission torque converter or an exhuast catalytic converter?
A bad coil can damage a converter. If the engine is misfiring, it will cause raw fuel to get into the converter and that can cause failure.
Yes, that could be one of the causes. With a bad or going bad Cataylic Converter the car will start to lose power and get hot. What happens is that the exhaust is starting to get blocked. Something like putting a partial potato up an exhaust.
Yes, that is a sign of a bad converter. Just make sure it is the converter that is rattling and not the heat shield located above the converter which are notorious for rattling on older vehicles.
A bad catalytic converter can cause hard starts if it has become clogged. This produces excessive back pressure in the engine.
If fuel injected, yes. Plus it is illegal.
It could.It could.