Not very long. It may need to be put down eventually because it will not be able to move around normally anymore.
It's really hard to say, but its highly likely that it may not grow back. Of course it depends on the nature and severity of the injury itself. If the hoof is cut clean off, then its likely it won't; but if only a part of it is missing and the calf is still quite young, it's possible, but still unlikely.
If it's just broken and not broken off completely, likely yes. If the latter, chances are it may not grow back.
The frog on the bottom of a horses hoof sheds off once or twice a year. So long as there is no bad odor or goo coming from it it is likely fine. If you are very concerned you could call and ask your farrier for advise.
If you mean the part of the hoof taken off by a farrier then it's usually just called a hoof trimming.
A calf will normally only live with its mother (called a cow) for a year. A calf can be separated from its mother is if it chased off by bull who wants to mate with its mother during the rut. Calves are mostly chased off by their mother in late May, right before she gives birth. If a cow does not become pregnant, the calf can stay with its mother for two years.
It can be used to brush the dirt out of the hoof. Sometimes, it's also used to brush the mud off of the outside of the hoof.
A calf raise is an exercise for the calf muscle where someone raises their heel off the ground, to stretch the calf, and lowers it again.
The umbilical cord is ruptured when the calf is born. The remainder of the umbilical cord will fall off the calf after a few days.
calf
The frog should not have outgrown the hoof. If the frog appears too large for the hoof, that likely means the farrier took too much hoof off. You should call you equine vet and have them come out and see if the horse may need a farrier that specializes in this type of issue.
you can use nail polish remover or pick it off
The umbilical cord is ruptured when the calf is born. The remainder of the umbilical cord will fall off the calf after a few days.