No that's a mechanical problem, not electrical
None, since they are wired to the car.
Charger.
no, it will not
no
buy a car charger
a charger a charger
sometime the fan do not work which can cause the car to overheat. Also it can be a fuse for the fan. Check your thermostat.
yes
There could be many reasons. Not enough coolant or bad flow, faulty thermostat, low oil. If the coolant freezes then it will overheat. If your car continues to overheat then you should have the coolant flushed and thermostat replaced.
Buy a power inverter. This will change your DC (car charger) to AC.
A car charger does not have to match the brand of the cell phone. There are many car chargers that are compatible with many cell phones.