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If you have been served with a civil lawsuit, you will need to file a pleading called an Answer, where you answer each individual allegation, plead any affirmative defenses, and assert any counterclaims. A letter is not sufficient, and will not avoid a default judgment.
Overwhelmingly obvious proof (evidence) of the offense would lead a guilty defendant to just go ahead and plead to the charge.
Yes.
"...nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself..."
No Contest
(in the US) There is no such plea. (although there probably should be)
This all depends on what type of motion hearing it is. Motion hearings are either pretrial motions or postconviction motions, the latter which does not occur if the defendant is not convicted of a crime. A defendant is never forced to plead guilty to any crime.
It means that at arraignnment, in an effort to protect a defendant's rights the judge, will plead a defendant not guilty until such time as the defendant can obtain legal counsel to assist him with his case.
Horses At a Horse Trial: "How does the defendant plead - Guilty or Not Guilty?" "Neigh!"
It is a criminal offense and the defendant must appear in court to plead to the charge.
If you are the deponent, yes. If you are the plaintiff or defendant and they are deposing a witness or the other party, you are entitled to attended but it is not required. If you are the witness and still will not attend your own deposition they might get a subpoena to compel you. Still if it's a civil case there might not be a criminal penalty for failure to appear.
It depends on the type of case. If you are a defendant in a criminal action, you can plead guilty. In a civil matter, you may be able to dismiss if you are the plaintiff, but only if there is no counterclaim against you. You'd need to talk to a lawyer in your area for specifics on your case.