Yes. You can become a Catholic even if you were not married in the Catholic church. You must go and see the Father at your local church and inform him of your desire to become Catholic and he will take you through the process. You may be required to complete confession before you can convert.
A divorced Protestant woman can not take communion in the Catholic church. According to the Catholic church a divorced woman is committing adultery and can not become a nun.
If she is divorced, she would need an annulment first, unless she was married outside the church. Then she can marry a non-catholic only if he was not married before and if he agrees to the oaths taken for catholic marriage.
yes you can it doesn't matter as long as you agree together with it :)
yes, but she can't become queen
It depends on what kind of parish. If he is Catholic, then no, he can not marry because he is already "married" to mother church. However, if he is an Ipiscable priest and is married, but deciedes to become Catholic, then he may be a married Catholic priest.
Not unless you are or become a naturalized citizen of that country.
Anyone can become a Catholic if they chose to do so.
No, in order to become a Cardinal you need to be priest or bishop
No
Yes.
Generally, priests may not marry. However, if a married priest from the Anglican or Orthodox Church decides to become a Catholic priest, he can remain married. However, divorce is neither recognized nor permitted by the Catholic Church. Divorce is a civil matter. If a Catholic priest were married (a situation that happens, for example, in very few non-Latin rite churches or in the case where a married Anglican priest converts to the Catholic Church and wants to be a Catholic priest), it would be the same for him. I would hope it would not happen, but if he and his wife divorced, it would be a civil matter as well. Unless his marriage were annulled (recognized as invalid from the beginning), the Church would still consider him bound by the sacrament of Matrimony, because contracts (civil marriage) are the domain of the state, and sacraments are the domain of the Church.
If the man was baptized Catholic, married in a civil ceremony and then divorced, yes, he can marry a Catholic woman in a Church ceremony in the presence of the priest or deacon with proper paper work completed. He could also marry again in a civil ceremony. You need to talk to a priest and apply for an annulment which is a ruling from the Church that no sacramental marriage is present from the civil marriage.