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Can a photon exist at rest?

Updated: 12/19/2022
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Simple Answer:

Photons are never at rest. It is a fundamental property of the photon that it moves always at the speed of light.

Complex Answer:

Only in a vacuum can we say that light travels at the universal speed, c; the speed of light.

Of course, "the speed of light" is slower for a light moving inside of matter. Indeed, the simplest form of this is demonstrated with light passing through glass where refraction occurs and the speed drops to v=c/n, where v is the speed of light in matter, c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the index of refraction of the material.

In recent years, it has been demonstrated that under versy special circumstances, light from a laser may be slowed to a few meters per second. That is extreme, but the circumstances constructed to achieve such a phenomena are also extreme.

Some people would say that when a photon passes through matter, it ceases to become one photon and is immersed in a sea of photons that constitute the electromagnetic interactions in that matter. Most people will not invoke this issues when discussing light in matter, but if one wants to stay entirely in the language of photons, the sea of photons has to be incorporated.

With all that said, the answer remains that there are no ways known to make a photon exist in a state of rest.

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Q: Can a photon exist at rest?
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