Yes; as long as it is not the one being accused, any person must be a witness if asked to do so.
A witness must account for what they have seen and what happened during criminal activity that they saw happening in the criminal trial. They are there to clear up what happened when others are unsure.
It depends on why the witness is not there, what kind of witness it is, what kind of case it is, and what sort of evidence the witness is expected to give. In a criminal trial, the case may be dismissed if there is no witness. Or the trial may be delayed while law enforcement finds and brings the witness to court (if they are ignoring a subpoena). If the witness is ill or travelling, the case may be continued to wait for the witness. If the witness is not key, the parties may proceed without him/her, or they may shift around the order or witnesses to allow that witness to appear later in the trial.
He was found not guilty during a criminal trial for the offense but was found culpable for the offense during a later civil trial brought by the victim's parents.
(in the US) Yes, the accused has the Constitutional right to be confronted by the witness against him.
That is a question for jury to take into consideration when the deliberate - which I'm sure will pointed out by the defense.
Usually, a victim has very little input in determining a criminal's sentence. However - a judge will have read or heard testimony from the victim during the trial, and will take their statements into account when passing sentence.
There is no legal action of the sort referred to. The victim of a crime may choose not to give voluntary testimony as evidence at a trial, but they do not have the power to request that charges be dismissed. In most cases a victim can be forced to give testimony and if necessary the PA can request to have such testimony entered into the court record as being given by a "hostile or unco-operative witness".
Yes, if the testimony is to rebut or impeach evidence given in the defense case in chief.
the final round of questioning of a witness in a trial
My Trial as a War Criminal was created in 1949.
Yes. Witness testimony is one of the most common types of evidence introduced in a criminal trial.
The sides in a civil trial are the same as a criminal trial. There is a plaintiff and a defendant. In a criminal trial the plaintiff is usually the jurisdictioni charging the defendant.