A website can post copyrighted documents if the owner of the website is the copyright holder, or the rightsholder has given permission.
If the website does not post it, then look for any copyright date and use the latest (newest) date. For example, if the copyright says, 'website.com - Copyright 2002-2007', then the published date of the website is 2007.
Millions of documents have that copyright date.
Millions of text documents and other works are copyright 2009.
Typically, the documents will be "original" enough to be protected by copyright automatically.
Yes, but the content is illegally posted there. It is considered copyright to post the work of Stephenie Meyer online.
A website is considered a "literary work" under copyright law.
The use of pictures from other websites will depend on the terms of the website. Check for a copyright message at the bottom of the page or a link to a "Legal' section. Some sites will just ask that you give them a credit and a link back to them if you are using their pictures.
With permission from the copyright holder, yes.
Given current copyright law, it's merely a courtesy; notification is not required for protection.
It is illegal for someone to post works that aren't theirs online. It's copyright; Unless Stephenie Meyer herself posts her books on her website, which she hasn't.
Yes, websites should be copyrighted. The exact design, layout, and content of a website should be protected in order to prevent any lookalikes.
Copyright protects texts, images, and the website itself.