A website is considered a "literary work" under copyright law.
The official website whitehouse.gov is not protected by copyright, pursuant to federal law.
Materials are not required to have a notification on them in order to be protected.
Yes, websites should be copyrighted. The exact design, layout, and content of a website should be protected in order to prevent any lookalikes.
"Concepts" are not copyrightable. Once a website is created, however, it is automatically protected by copyright.
Because any copyrightable work is automatically protected, it can be assumed that all websites are protected by copyright unless specified otherwise. Notification is not required for protection.
You will find that most material on websites is protected under copyright. The website owner should be able to tell you who the copyright owner is. You would then negotiate a price with the copyright owner to allow you to use their material.
No. You could copyright a drawing or photograph of the logo but the logo itself would have to be protected as a trademark.
It is not necessary to formally register your work with a Copyright Office for it to be protected.
Yes.
Individual words are not protected by copyright.
Generally, yes. Website URL's are not protected by copyright law.
Once a work of sufficient originality is fixed in a tangible medium, it is automatically protected by copyright.