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What is the incidence of atrial septal defect?
Atrial septal defects (ASDs for short) are caused by a defect in the development of the wall between the two upper chambers (the atria) of the heart. During the development of the fetus, the heart begins as a single hollow tube that must fold, twist, and otherwise contort itself into the four-chambered heart seen at birth. In early fetal life, the first attempt at this produces a heart with two chambers: an upper atrium and a lower ventricle. These two chambers are then partitioned by adding a wall in the middle of each; thus two chambers become four chambers. The wall that separates the two atria is called the atrial septum, while the wall that separates the two ventricles is called the ventricular septum. In normal development, the atrial septum begins with a few holes in it. These holes are important for the normal circulatory system of the fetus. During development, however, tissue must grow over these holes in order to sustain life outside of the mother's womb. If the two holes are not completely covered over, then there is a defect in the wall separating the atria -- an atrial septal defect. The precise causes for atrial septal defects are not known, although they have probably often have to do with defective communication between cells that form the septum. Some septal defects tend to run in families and have known associations with genetic irregularities such as Down syndrome.
Patient having ASD but no problem wants to take conception?
Atrial septal defect and pregnancyMost women with an atrial septal defect can tolerate pregnancy without any problems. However, having a larger defect or having complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias or pulmonary hypertension can increase your risk of complications during pregnancy. Doctors strongly advise women with Eisenmenger syndrome not to become pregnant because it can endanger the woman's life.The risk of congenital heart disease is higher for children of parents with congenital heart disease, whether in the father or the mother. Experts recommend that anyone with a congenital heart defect, repaired or not, who is considering starting a family carefully discuss it beforehand with his or her doctor. Some medications may need to be stopped or adjusted before you become pregnant because they can cause serious problems for a developing fetus.More in the link below.
What is the heredity cause for achondroplasia?
Mutations in the FGFR3 gene are the cause for achondroplasia (short-limbed dwarfism).
Will humphrey pill cause birth defect?
Yes, it will cause birth defect.
What are the problems of septal deformities?
Septal deformities can cause nasal airway obstruction. Such airway obstruction can lead to mouth breathing, chronic nasal infections, or obstructive sleep apnea.
Can eye dilation drops cause atrial fibrillation?
The amount of atropine in these eyedrops is insufficient to cause atrial fib. Many medications actually contain trace amounts of atropine to discourage abuse.
Is atrial fibrillation cause of disability?
yes,it is. lots have said no but yes.
A defect in which organelle would cause fatigue?
A defect in the mitochondria would cause fatigue, as it is the organelle responsible for energy production within a cell.
What condition does neural tube defect cause in a newborn?
This defect may cause children to develop an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid on the brain (hydrocephalus ).
Atrial septal defect?
DefinitionAtrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which the wall that separates the upper heart chambers (atria) does not close completely. Congenital means the defect is present at birth.Alternative NamesASDCauses, incidence, and risk factorsIn fetal circulation, there is normally an opening between the two atria (the upper chambers of the heart) to allow blood to bypass the lungs. This opening usually closes around the time the baby is born.If the ASD is persistent, blood continues to flow from the left to the right atria. This is called a shunt. If too much blood moves to the right side of the heart, pressures in the lungs build up. The shunt can be reversed so that blood flows from right to left. Small atrial septal defects often cause very few problems and may be found much later in life. Many problems can occur if the shunt is large, however. In advanced and severe cases with large shunts the increased pressure on the right side of the heart would result in reversal of blood flow (now from right to left). This usually results in significant shortness of breath.ASD is not very common. When the person has no other congenital defect, symptoms may be absent, particularly in children. Symptoms may begin any time after birth through childhood. Individuals with ASD are at an increased risk for developing a number of complications including:Atrial fibrillation (in adults)Heart failurePulmonary overcirculationPulmonary hypertensionStrokeSymptomsSmall to moderate sized defects may produce no symptoms, or not until middle age or later. Symptoms that may occur can include:Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)Frequent respiratory infections in childrenSensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) in adultsShortness of breath with activitySigns and testsThe doctor may hear abnormal heart sounds when listening to the chest with a stethoscope. A murmur may be heard only in certain body positions, and sometimes a murmur may not be heard at all. The physical exam may also reveal signs of heart failure in some adults.If the shunt is large, increased blood flow across the tricuspid valve may create an additional murmur when the heart relaxes between beats.Tests that may done include:Cardiac catheterizationChest x-rayCoronary angiography (for patients over 35 years old)Doppler study of the heartECGEchocardiographyHeart MRITransesophageal echocardiography (TEE)TreatmentASD may not require treatment if there are few or no symptoms, or if the defect is small. Surgical closure of the defect is recommended if the defect is large, the heart is swollen, or symptoms occur.A procedure has been developed to close the defect without surgery. The procedure involves placing an ASD closure device into the heart through tubes called catheters. The health care provider makes a tiny surgical cut in the groin, then inserts the catheters into a blood vessel and up into the heart. The closure device is then placed across the ASD and the defect is closed.Not all patients with atrial septal defects can have this procedure.Prophylactic (preventive) antibiotics should be given prior to dental procedures to reduce the risk of developing infective endocarditis immediately after surgery for the ASD, but they are not required later on.Expectations (prognosis)With a small to moderate atrial septal defect, a person may live a normal life span without symptoms. Larger defects may cause disability by middle age because of increased blood flow and shunting of blood back into the pulmonary circulation.Some patients with ASD may have other congenital heart conditions, such as a leaky valve.ComplicationsArrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillationHeart failurePulmonary hypertensionStrokeCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if symptoms indicating an atrial septal defect develop.PreventionThere is no known way to prevent the defect, but some of the complications can be prevented with early detection.ReferencesWebb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, et al. Congenital heart disease. Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007:chap 61.Reviewed ByReview Date: 05/04/2010Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
What is product defect?
Any characteristic of a product that hinders its use for its intended purpose is a product defect. The defect can cause a product to be dangerous or useless.
Is achondroplasia caused by a mutation?
Yes, it is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation. One copy of the mutation will cause the condition.
