If you are talking about an original Colt 1851 Navy, then that would be a 36 calibre percussion revolver, so no, it certainly wouldn't be converted to fire a 45 calibre cartridge. Many of those guns were converted, but the conversions fired 38 calibre cartridges. If you have an original 1851 Colt, it is a valuable antique, and you don't want to mess around converting it. If you have a modern repro, then you can get a conversion cylinder kit - but they do cost almost as much as the guns themselves (around $300). If converted, the gun should only be used with black powder cartridges, not modern smokeless ammo, as it is still a black powder gun.
No way to answer without knowing if you are talking about blackpowder, rim fire or centerfire
No. A smaller caliber will either not fire at all, or will split the cartridge casing if it does fire.
It can shoot about 3 miles. It can shoot accurately to about 1100 meters in the hands of a highly skilled marksman, depending on which rifle is firing the cartridge.
The short answer is no. The longer answer is, you might be able to get a .40 caliber cartridge to fire from a .45 caliber gun, but it may damage the gun, and even if it doesn't damage the gun, it will cause other problems. In general (with only a few exceptions) you should never try to fire any cartridge in any gun other than a gun designed for that caliber.
In general, no. The .22 LR is a straight sided rimfire cartridge 1 inch long. The .223 is a bottlenecked centerfire cartridge almost 3 inches long. Totally different. The 22 LR CAN be shot in a .223 by the use of a special adapter.
Let's start by using the right term- I think you mean a .380 cartridge- many guns use .380 caliber BULLETS.In general, NO. Unlike .22 shorts and long rifles, rimless cases do not interchange. It may be possible to get a .380 cartridge to fire in another gun- but not safely. Use ammo that is the caliber marked on the gun.
NO,NO,NO,NO,NO.........you CANNOT shoot the 357 cartridge in a 38 special, but you can shoot a 38 special cartridge in a 357 pistol.................the 38 cal. cylinder was not made to house the 357 cartridge or take the pressure.............
A .22 revolver takes CARTRIDGES. Which .22 cartridge will depend on what caliber the revolver was made for. A .22 LR can shoot Long Rifle or Short cartridges, and a .22 WMR uses .22 magnum cartridges. They do not interchange. There are a few .22 revolvers that have 2 cylinders, and can shoot either cartridge.
Can I shoot 380acp caliber out of my 32 pistol?
Yes, the.22 caliber rifle is perhaps the most common firearm in the US. The .22 cartridge is also used in handguns. Search Wilipedia for .22 Long rifle, and it will have information on the cartridge used by rifles and handguns. I have about 30 different .22 caliber rifles in my collection- they are accurate, inexpensive, ammuntion is not expensive, they have very little recoil, and my grandkids like to shoot them.
If you have the Black powder model(made for blackpowder cartridges)these were made from 1890-1908.If you have the smokeless powder version,then these were made from 1909-1941.I am fraid that is the best that I can do for you.
That's it. No other cartridge.