Any Catholic male is eligible to be elected as pope. However, it would be a rare occurrence for a non-cardinal to be elected. The person chosen can be from any country, including the Americas. Pope Francis is the first pope elected from the Americas - Argentina in South America.
No there has never been a pope from North America. Pope Francis, however, is from South America.
There could be an American pope but it is not very likely.
Yes they can.
Odo was never the pope.
Saladin was never a pope.
Saladin was not a pope.
A priest could only become pope if he is elected by the cardinals in conclave.
You become a pope when you are elected as such in a secret conclave held in the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican to replace a pope who as either died or retired.
He was elected as pope on April 22, 1073.
There has never been a Pope John Benedict.
The pope has always been a Christian.
Vatican City
The novel you are referring to is likely "The Agony and the Ecstasy" by Irving Stone, which is a biographical novel about the life of Michelangelo. In the book, Michelangelo is the main character who interacts with Pope Julius II, but he does not become pope himself.
Pope John XXII became pope on August 7, 1316.
Since Pope Francis is the first and only pope by that name, there is no need for a number after his name. If a pope in the future also decides to take the name Francis, he will become Pope Francis II and then the original Pope Francis will become Pope Francis I.