Yes.
They are "Naturalized Citizens".
I don't think so, unless the child was born on American soil (actually in America, an American territory, American military installation, or American embassy).
Yes, if it is a reciprocating country
i don't know, but i do not think soEDIT:No. If you want to move there, however, you will have to pay a special tax imposed on non-Jewish inhabitants.
No.
wow your desperate
If you are an American citizen you don't need to do anything. He is all ready a citizen no matter where he was born.
If the president was an American citizen for more that 14 years, then maybe.
Yes
As of June 26, 2013, an American citizen may sponsor a foreign spouse of the same sex for a visa, permanent residency and, eventually citizenship.
That depends on whether the foreigner actually was actually a spouse, or just a holder of a spouse visa (green card).
The child is an American citizen because he or she was born here. The foreign mother is not. Presumably this is because it would create an easy way to obtain citizenship if the government allowed foreign women to become citizens just because they gave birth in our country.