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The idea behind a 'search warrant' is that you have a reasonable expectation of privacy, and the warrant gives the police a legal right to invade that privacy. So if they want to search you, your property, or your vehicle, they need that warrant.

However, the outside of your vehicle does not have that expectation of privacy. An officer does not need a warrant to inspect your car's outside more closely, whether it is to check the condition of the tyres, the presence of paint scrapings, or perhaps to narrow down the location of a suspicious odour.

On a side note, in some places an officer can 'search' inside a vehicle without a warrant, ie, if he saw a bag of cannabis on a car seat, through the window, he could use that as probable cause to get a formal search warrant to retrieve it. Things left out in the open like this inside a vehicle have a lowered expectation of privacy.

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Q: Can an officer inspect the outside of a vehicle without a warrant?
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