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Normally, no electron energy states exist in the band gap, the gap between the valence band and conduction band in a semiconductor.

However, if we dope the semiconductor, i.e. add donor (n type) or acceptor (p type) atoms to it, we introduce new electron energy states in the band gap!

Take for example silicon, in which we introduce phosphorus, which is a group V element and thus a donor atom. This will introduce extra filled electron states just below the conduction band.

Now, this all happens at 0K, so no current can flow (this is logical as electrons don't move at this temperature, even with an electric field applied). But if we raise the temperature e.g. until room temperature at 300K, the electrons gain energy and can jump into the free energy states in the conduction band. These electrons in the conduction band can now conduct electricity.

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Q: Can extrinsic semiconductor conduct at 0 k?
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