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Most medications given before general anesthesia are either anxiolytics, usually benzodiazepines; or analgesics. Patients in severe pain prior to surgery may be given morphine or fentanyl
In surgery, anesthesia is given so the patient does not feel pain during the procedure. In minor surgeries, local anesthesia is used. In procedures like caesarian section, regional anesthesia is given through the spinal cord. In other surgeries general anesthesia is given through the respiratory system, by inhalation.
A spinal block or general anesthesia may be given before surgery.
In the US, anesthesia would be routinely given. The cutting of a tendon would cause extreme pain if done without general anesthesia.
The terms you are looking for are: anesthesia, or anaesthesia, or anesthetic.
For babies, generally no (unless you count a few drops of wine given to the baby to calm him down). For older children and adults, the patient is ALWAYS circumcised in a hospital under general anesthesia.
A patient is intubated for surgery if they are going under general anesthesia. According to this website: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/anesthesia/SC00026 "General anesthesia is used for more extensive procedures or for procedures that aren't amenable to regional anesthesia. The medications used in general anesthesia are given intravenously or by inhalation. The drugs circulate in your bloodstream to all areas of your body, including your brain. They can suppress all of your protective reflexes, such as coughing, gagging and even breathing. Consequently, a general anesthetic requires the use of a mask or breathing tube while you're asleep. Because general anesthetics affect all areas of your body, such as the heart and lungs, side effects from the medications are more common. However, most are temporary and can be managed by your medical team."
As a general rule, you should not eat or drink anything after midnight before your surgery. Under some circumstances, you may be given permission by your anesthesiologist to drink clear liquids up to a few hours before your anesthesia.Source: http://lifelinetomodernmedicine.com/faqs.aspx
Mother is usually given local anesthesia during delivery. The drug is injected in the space around the spinal cord. It hardly spreads during the operation. Baby does not get any problem in that case. Some times the mother has to be given general anesthesia during the pregnancy. The baby also get the effect of anesthesia and recovers with the mother. Usually the safe drugs are used to do the procedure. At times the mother has to be given general anesthesia in the emergency and the baby also gets the dose of the drug. The anesthetist will manage the baby after delivery. At times the drugs may be risky. But the risk has to be taken to save the life of the mother. If the mother survives, then only the baby in the womb will survive.
If the operation is on only one knee, it will take two to four hours. The patient may be given a choice of general, spinal, or epidural anesthesia.
increase the efeectiveness of the anesthesia
There is one type of anesthesiologist. But they can do different things, there are Anest. that work exclusively for ER/ICU and other specialty wards, and there are OR Anest. there are also CRNA's (Certified Registered Nurse of Anesthesia) They work under an Anesthesiologist, and pretty much do the same exact job with a little bit less responsibility.