Not without obtaining the permission of the author, which will probably involve paying him or her.
It depends not only how long the excerpt is, but how central it is to the book's story. Recently a playwright was prevented from using a section of "Charlotte's Web" in a play for this reason. You may wish to consult with a lawyer for advice.
It's a play
No, it is a novella, a short story with a moral behind it, the moral being that you can make mistakes but you should fix them when you have a chance.
There is no such thing as a short story called Hamlet. There is a play by this name, but plays are not the same thing as short stories.
It is not based on a play. It is based on a short story by Doris Betts.
stage directions
Not without a license.
The story in which Blue Roses can by found is actually the play The Glass Managerie by Tennessee Williams. Within that play, it is the nickname for one of the characters, Laura.
You need an emulator, and a ROM, which are illegal if the system being emulated is copyrighted, or if the game the ROM is of is copyrighted.
"The Box" is based on the short story "Button, Button" by Richard Matheson, which was first published in 1970. The story explores moral dilemmas and the consequences of making difficult choices.
The dialogue of a play is similar to the perspective and information provided by the narrator in a short story because it conveys the characters' thoughts, feelings, and actions. In both cases, these elements help advance the plot, develop characters, and create tension or conflict. Just as the narrator guides the reader in a short story, the dialogue in a play guides the audience's understanding of the narrative.
A tale or sketch. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote a book of short stories called "Twice Told Tales." Washington Irving wrote a book of short stories entitled "The Sketch Book." Even Edgar Allen Poe referred to short stories as tales. Later as the form became more popular the term short story was adopted.