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It depends on how strictly you define Orthodox Judaism. Orthodox Jews hold that their form of Judaism is the same form of Judaism practiced by the Biblical Patriarch Abraham. As a result, he is the Founder of Orthodox Judaism. However, Jews did not go around calling themselves "Orthodox" until Samson Raphael Hirsch coined the term in the 1800s as a response to the Liberal forms of Judaism (Reform and Historical-Conservative) that were contemporaneously developing.
yes, Chabad-Lubavitch is considered Ultra-Orthodox as are all Chassidim the use of the term orthodox and Ultra-orthodox in Judaism is fairly recent used by Reform to differentiate them.
It means that they do not go to the sabath alot and are not strict. There are two general categories of Judaism: Orthodox Judaism and Liberal Judaism. Liberal Judaism encompases a wide variety of different movements, including most famously: Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist, and Hiloni. The term non-Orthodox is another way of referring to all of these movements within Liberal Judaism.
It means that they do not go to the sabath alot and are not strict. There are two general categories of Judaism: Orthodox Judaism and Liberal Judaism. Liberal Judaism encompases a wide variety of different movements, including most famously: Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist, and Hiloni. The term non-Orthodox is another way of referring to all of these movements within Liberal Judaism.
"Baalay Teshuvah" is a Hebrew term that translates to "master of repentance." It refers to individuals who have returned to observant Jewish life after straying from it or not practicing Judaism previously. These individuals are often celebrated for their commitment to spiritual growth and renewal.
It does not mean anything specific. Reform Judaism is one branch of Liberal Judaism. So, ostensibly, non-Reform would mean any other branch of Liberal Judaism or it would refer to Orthodox Judaism. This is not a commonly-used term among Jews.
That something will (naturally) survive and persist over the long term.
There's no such term as "chirstions" in Judaism.
The people who follow Judaism are Jews.
the term "stateless religion" is not a concept in Judaism.
Other than vaguely encouraging spirituality, mindfulness, and ethical behavior, there are really no similarities in either behavior, belief, or long term impact between Judaism on the one hand and the Vedic Religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, etc.) on the other hand.
Jewish Faith