The crystal violet method and the Schaeffer-Fulton method
The crystal violet method and the Schaeffer-Fulton method
Some methods to kill endospores is x-ray, gamma rays, acid, and autoclaving. Endospores are very hard to kill and could allow bacteria to lay dormant until conditions can become more favorable.
The use of heat to kill bacteria in food and beverages is pasteurisation
Louis Pasteur came about the process of heating heating beverages in order to kill the bacteria that got inside. This is known as pasteurization.
Pasteurisation is a method used to reduce spoilage microorganisms and kill harmful organisms in the object or liquid being pasteurised.
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The crystal violet method and the Schaeffer-Fulton method
The crystal violet method and the Schaeffer-Fulton method
Pasteurisation does not kill all bacteria in the milk. Some bacteria are not killed in the heating process and will start to multiply again after pasteurisation. Cooling after pasteurisation is needed in order to limit the amount of bacterial growth that occurs. Bacteria reproduce very slowly in cold conditions, but very quickly in hot conditions. Cooling is the only preservative that is used after pasteurisation.
Some methods to kill endospores is x-ray, gamma rays, acid, and autoclaving. Endospores are very hard to kill and could allow bacteria to lay dormant until conditions can become more favorable.
The use of heat to kill bacteria in food and beverages is pasteurisation
There are a couple of methods for pasteurisation: 1. Batch pasteurisation In this method milk is heated in a tub while stirring to not less than 63°C for at least 30min. This is followed by cooling within 30min to below 5°C. This method is less commonly used today. 2. High temperature short time pasteurisation Using a continuous system (stainless steel pipelines) milk is pumped through heat exchangers for pasteurisation at 72°C for 15 seconds. After this it is cooled down to below 5°C quickly through heat exchangers. The more the temperature is increased, the less time is needed for the pasteurisation to be effective. After pasteurisation, the standard test to see if it was effective is the phosphatase test.
Louis Pasteur came about the process of heating heating beverages in order to kill the bacteria that got inside. This is known as pasteurization.
Endospores store genetic material.
Bacillus cells produce endospores.
Bacterial endospores can be used as indicators of sterilization efficiency because of their ability to enable bacteria to lie dormant for extended periods. If they are present then the sterilization is not efficient to kill them and thus the bacteria.