Use regular beef broth which you have cooked down in a pan to half its original volume.
Alternatively, use a beef bouillon powder or paste (Bovril, Better-Than-Bouillon, etc.) diluted with half the recommended amount of water. You’ll need to reduce the amount of salt in the recipe too if you do this.
Ribosomes are primarily responsible for biological synthesis of proteins. They are made up of ribosomal RNA and a variety of proteins.
Edit : RNA & Proteins
Depending on your background, your interests, and the depth of your studies, microbiology can be challenging or easy. The study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungus, and other tiny life forms, is known as microbiology. Taking into account the following elements will help you determine how challenging microbiology is:
• Background Information: You might find microbiology easier to understand if you have a solid background in biology and chemistry. Gaining an understanding of cellular structure, chemical processes, and fundamental biological concepts will lay a strong foundation.
• Laboratory Work: Some students may find it difficult to perform the hands-on laboratory work that is a common part of microbiology. Precision and strict adherence to safety procedures are necessary while working with microbes.
• Conceptual Understanding: Understanding complex concepts like immunology, pathology, ecology, and microbial genetics is necessary for studying microbiology. It can be difficult to understand how these ideas interact.
• Variety of Microorganisms: Microbiology encompasses a broad spectrum of microorganisms with a variety of traits and purposes. For some students, learning about the various kinds of bacteria, viruses, and fungus might be daunting.
These are some of the factors that may determine how hard microbiology is for you.
However, you can make microbiology fun and easy to learn for yourself through an online course - Microbiology for UnderGrads by Dr Apurba S Sastry on DigiNerve.
This course covers all the basics needed for a student to understand microbiology. The lectures in this course include relevant clinical, radiological, histological, and gross images along with flowcharts tables and boxes for easy understanding and quick recall. Apart from that it contains self-assesment questions and mock exams through which students can analyze their learnings from the course as well.
All and all this is the perfect course for students and is a first choice for students to learn microbiology.
the two types of RNA is Messenger RNA and transfer RNA. Messenger RNA copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus, and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein.
Go and ask your teacher idiot
Actually msc biotech is bit technical whilw bsc is theory based bsc+msc is equal to btech degree and as u know biotech is a mainly a research oriented subject bsc and msc is better for it but still some fool peoples prefers a btech degree
1) all living things are composed of cells
2) cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
3)cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
Which is the best clue for figuring out what capsule means?
Perhaps the MS in biotech. I was taught some biotech by a woman who had an MS in immunology and was a scientific manager at Genentec with many people under her.
Marine algae are photosynthetic. At depths below 200m there is very little sunlight which would make photosynthesis extremely difficult.
A neonate is also called a newborn. The neonatal period is the first 4 weeks of a child's life. It is a time when changes are very rapid.
In this scenario, the cell and the surrounding solution have the same water concentration (both are 35 percent water). This means that the system is in an isotonic state, where the concentration of water inside the cell is equal to the concentration of water outside the cell.
In an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water. Water molecules will move across the cell membrane in both directions, but there is no overall change in the water concentration inside or outside the cell. The cell's volume and shape will remain relatively stable.
In summary, if a cell that is 35 percent water is placed in a solution that is also 35 percent water, the net movement of water will be minimal, and the cell will generally maintain its size and shape.
Sand may vary in composition from nearly pure silicon dioxide, gypsum, or basalt, to varying degrees of impurity from mixture with other sediments. Sand is composed of small grains or rock particles or minerals, not a single element.
An avirulent pathogen is a microorganism, such as a bacterium or virus, that is incapable of causing illness or inducing negative consequences in a host organism.
In contrast to virulent pathogens, which can cause infections and harm to the host, avirulent pathogens are normally harmless or have greatly decreased pathogenicity. Avirulence can be caused by mutations, genetic changes, or environmental conditions that reduce the pathogen's ability to cause disease.
Avirulent pathogens are frequently studied for a variety of reasons, including vaccine development studies. Researchers may study with avirulent pathogen strains to learn about their biology, uncover variables that contribute to their low virulence, and use this knowledge to create vaccines that excite the immune system without producing illness.
To have more knowledge on pathogens and learn different pathology concepts, I would suggest students an online course – Pathology for UnderGrads on DigiNerve.
The course’s premium quality video lectures, and notes can help the students a long way in their career by helping them build a solid foundation. Each and every topic has been explained in- depth by the faculty - Prof Harsh Mohan, Prof Ramadas Nayak and Dr Debasis Gochhait.
The self-assesment questions in this course is what sets this course apart and prove to be a game changer for students as they help them in finding their weak areas in the subject and allow them to work on it and eventually gain a competitive advantage over other students.
Microbiology is the study of microbes, which are microscopic living entities that are invisible to the naked eye. Microbiology is divided into several branches that focus on distinct elements of these microorganisms. Here are some of the most important fields:
• Bacteriology: It is the scientific study of bacteria. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can be found in soil, water, and even inside our bodies.
• Virology: The study of viruses is known as virology. Viruses are microscopic particles that can only replicate within the cells of living things and can cause a variety of diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
• Mycology: The study of fungi is known as mycology. Fungi can be single-celled organisms like yeast or multicellular organisms like molds and mushrooms. Some fungi are useful, while others are harmful.
• Parasitology: It is the study of parasites, which are organisms that live on or inside other species and feed on them. Protozoa, helminths (worms), and ectoparasites such as ticks and lice are examples of parasites.
These are some of the fields of microbiology. To learn more about microbiology concepts and different fields of microbiology, you can take an online course – Microbiology for UnderGrads by Dr Apurba S Sastry on DigiNerve.
This course explains all the microbiology concepts in detail with the use of clinical, radiological, histological, and gross images along with flowcharts tables and boxes to help students better understand the subject. The course also comes with well-illustrated notes, mock exams and self-assessment questions so that students can learn the subject and analyse their learnings from the course side-by-side and focus on the weaker areas.
Microbiology
Scope:
Microscopic creatures such as bacteria, viruses, fungus, and protozoa are studied in microbiology. It is required in a variety of sectors such as health, agriculture, and environmental science. Microbiologists investigate illness origins, create antibiotics, and contribute to food safety. Understanding the role of microorganisms in nutrient cycles and technological processes is aided by microbiology.
Limitations:
Microbiology has challenges when investigating unculturable microorganisms and complicated microbial ecosystems. Some bacteria cannot be cultured in a laboratory, which limits understanding of their properties. Furthermore, the fast evolution of microbes and the advent of antibiotic-resistant species present persistent hurdles for disease control.
Parasitology
Scope:
Parasitology is the study of parasites, which are creatures that live on or inside other species and cause harm. This field is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of parasite infections in humans, animals, and plants. Parasitologists investigate parasite life cycles, create remedies, and improve public health by discovering and controlling parasitic diseases.
Limitations:
Because of the intricacy of parasite life cycles and the wide range of host organisms, parasitology is difficult. Some parasites are difficult to identify and treat, resulting in chronic illnesses. The rise of drug-resistant parasites, as well as the need for long-term management techniques, are continuous challenges. Furthermore, understanding parasite ecological roles and interactions with hosts necessitates interdisciplinary approaches.
These are the scope and limitations of these fields. I would suggest that students who want to learn about microbiology concepts in detail should go for an online course – Microbiology for UnderGrads by Dr Apurba S Sastry on DigiNerve.
The faculty of the course is best in the field and provides clear, in-depth explanation of topics through video lectures and notes. Apart from just learning, students can also evaluate their learnings from the course through self-assessment questions which are a part of this course, and can help the student in having an edge over other students and acing the subject.
Heavy seeded plates means a agar plate having inoculum in large quantity it is generally done by spreading method with low dilution or concentrated inoculum and is done for the need of large no. of colonies generally in industrial purpose.
Sparsely or low seeded plate are those which contain very diluted spreaded inoculum or little streaking inoculum it is generally done for examine and study purpose for understanding the physiology and morphology of microbe.
To become more aware of one's own culture, To learn about ways different cultures approach common human problems & To appreciate and enjoy the attributes of another culture.
All of the above -Apex
There may be more, but I know one bacterium is Archaebacteria.
The ziehl stain smear shows presence of pus cells along with long slender beaded acid fast bacill.
Plant cells are Eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have a nuclei and membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells are cells without a nuclei or membrane bound organelles. A bacteria cell is an example of a Prokaryotic cell. Plant and animal cell are examples for eukaryotic cells
answ2. Some poisons such as cyanide are near instantaneous. And some snake venom, but not quite instantaneous.
Pathogens need time to multiply in the host, produce infection products, and then kill. Several hours at the least, several days more commonly.
You know, I'm not entirely sure...
Why don't you test it out and then come back and tell us the answer.