Old steam engines used the principle of vapor pressure doing work.
Volatility, vapour pressure
no
See my answer to~How does air conditiong work~ on this site.
because if the steam is not superheated the remaining water droplets reduce efficiency and can cause corrosion and pitting. +++ Nearly! Saturated steam, as non-superheated steam is called, is really only steam at the pressure and temperature in the boiler. Once it starts to expand as a gas in doing its work, the pressure and temperature fall and condensation will set in, leaving less and less useful water-vapour to act as a gas. Hence, as you say, the efficiency falls.
The molecules in a liquid are always moving. As the temperature of the liquid increases the molecules have more energy and move faster. The molecules bump into each other making some move yet faster. Occasionally one of the fast moving molecules near the surface breaks through the surface and becomes airborne causing this molecule to leave the liquid. As this happens more and more molecules leave liquid and enter the air. This is evaporation.
LOW PRESSURE HOSE: Yes, a low pressure hose. A high pressure hose has a very small diameter opening since it is just used to measure pressure and it is not performing any work. A low pressure hose is used to perform work and has a larger diameter opening so air can move through it.
As pressure decreases, the boiling point of water will also decrease. Backpackers camping in the high mountains are familiar with the phenomena when they get water boiling - and find that it is still only lukewarm because the atmospheric pressure at their high altitude is so low.
A sodium vapour lamp does not include a capacitor in its construction. Any capacitor associated with this type of fixture will be found where the ballast is located and not in the lamp itself.
A CO, or carbon dioxide, cartridge is basically a container of carbon dioxide under pressure. When the canister is punctured, it releases the pressure inside and the force is used to create air pressure. These are commonly used in paintball gun.
1 Bar is 1 atmosphere of pressure. Much used in very high pressure work. 1 Bar is approx 1kg/cm2
Force / area = pressure
a turbine would equally reduce the pressure and gain output work whilst mere throttling would not be of any benefit