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Some cars have a sensor in the reserve tank that sticks or the sensor on the engine is gone. Get a manual for you make and it will show the locations.
Yes.
p0128-- coolant temperature below thermotat regulating temperature---change thermostat first, and make sure coolant is ok!! then if it does not work. change coolant temperature sensor.
Vehicle make, model & engine size needed first.
drive it without coolant
Make sure you have engine coolant. If the engine isn't getting enough coolant, it will overheat, stall and possibly destroy the engine. One symptom is that no coolant is circulated into the heater. Also check the crank sensor, but check coolant first...then the crank sensor.
Yes
Unplug electric connector. Sensor is in water jacket so you will need to catch coolant after removing sensor. Properly dispose of old coolant. Install new sensor and just make a little snug (with open-end wrench)- do NOT over tighten. Install electric connector and top off coolant.
Yes, a faulty coolant temp sensor can do that.
A LOT! over 100 that's for sure. It vary per vehicle make and model. some commons that you will find on every vehicles are Oxygen sensor, crank sensor, MAF sensor, Camshaft sensor, coolant temperature sensor,...
If you're stuck in traffic and your water is low, even a little, it will overheat... or your thermostat is not opening all the way. Or your fan is not kicking in at temperature. Make sure your antifreeze is properly mixed, beause it is a coolant, too.
If by water you mean engine coolant, yes. Loss of coolant, antifreeze, is a major cause of overheating.