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The difference between a single phase and a three phase motor is the amount of power conductors that feed the device. As to the other part of the question a three phase motor will not start or run on single phase. The phase angles on three phase are 120 degrees apart on a single phase system they are 180 degrees apart.
To use a single/one phase motor instead of a three phase motor is possible if you have a three phase power supply as you will only need to tap one of the three phases together with neutral and an earthwire, however to use a three phase motor instead of a single phase will require the provision of three phase power supply.
You don't. A three phase motor will not start unless it is connected to a three phase supply.
Sounds like you want to connect a three-phase machine to a single-phase supply. Very inefficiently, a three-phase motor can be ran on single phase by electrically displacing the windings with a capacitor. Other than that, you will need to either look at getting yourself a phase change converter, or having a three-phase outlet installed.
There are no three phase 120 volt systems.
Probably not. The single phase three horse power motor will be much larger in physical size than its three phase counterpart, and will probably not fit.
by no of terminals.
It is probably a three phase 50 Hz motor.
In an emergency and for a short period of time you can single phase a three phase motor but the motor will be loud, have terrible power characteristics and depending upon the use will burn up rather quickly. You should never try to run this in other than a life threatening emergency situation, the motors are not designed for it. Normally you don't. <<>> A three phase motor will not start on single phase. If the motor was started on three phase and loses a phase, it will stay running at a lower percentage of efficiency. Now a days the motor protection will not let a three phase motor run in a single phasing condition. All three phase legs of the motor are monitored and in a single phase condition the other two legs of the motor draw a higher current. This higher current is sensed by the motor's overload heaters in the motor's contactor and take the motor off line by opening the motor contactor. Now to the question, any two legs of a three phase system in electrical terms is known as single phase. As long as the three phase voltage matches the voltage needed in the single phase power diagram it can be connected to operate single phase equipment.
They will not be very different.
You will need to install a phase converter or change the motor to single phase. You can find a licensed electrician at www.contraxtor.com
There is only one ground wire needed on any motor, single or three phase.