the boy was pale, white, snow flake colored. He looked very afraid.
The sun or a star is a ball of fire. Here sun and star are synonyms.
Commas are features of entire sentences, not of words or phrases. Such as may follow a comma when introducing a list: We enjoy many things together, such as reading and singing. When used to mean similar to or like, there is no comma: A person such as you should know that.
a comma splice. This occurs when two independent clauses are incorrectly connected by a comma without a coordinating conjunction. This mistake can be corrected by using a semicolon, period, or conjunction to properly separate the clauses.
A comma before "and" depends on the specific context. In a series of items, some style guides recommend using a comma before "and" (the Oxford comma) for clarity, while others omit it. In other cases, such as coordinating conjunctions joining independent clauses, a comma before "and" is typically used.
Do not plagiarize your example sentences.
A comma splice occurs when two independent clauses are connected with only a comma. To identify a comma splice, look for two complete sentences joined together with a comma without a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, etc.) or a semicolon. Fix a comma splice by adding a coordinating conjunction, replacing the comma with a semicolon, or using a period to make separate sentences.
Yes. Example: Louis Smith, Jr.
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Using a comma to join independent clauses that could stand alone as sentences
The use of 'and' does not necessarily require a comma, although in many cases using a comma makes sense. Composing 'list' sentences generally involve the word 'and' with a comma joining the last item in the list with the rest. Example: "The newlyweds received linens, kitchen appliances, towels, pots and pans, gift certificates, and a flat-screen television as wedding gifts." Note in the example TWO uses of 'and.' The first, connecting 'pots' and 'pans,' clearly does not need a comma; the second, connecting the flat-screen TV to the rest of the goodies, does.
That depends on how you are using the word. It isn't always necessary, but if the word "and" is joining two independent clauses (independent clauses are basically sentences that can stand on their own), then you definitely need a comma before the word and, or any coordinating conjunction. Examples: Apples and oranges may be different, but they are both delicious. I like to eat apples, and I love orange juice. In the first example, a comma is not necessary before the word and because it is just joining two words together. In the second, the comma is necessary because the word and is joining two sentences together.
Neither of your two sentences need any commas.