Yes. To achieve this, you need to shrink the window partition so there is space for the Linux partition on the disk.
Format the hard drive, install another version of Windows, or a Linux distribution.
Unless you already have a free partition on your hard drive or an additional hard drive, you cannot install Red Hat Enterprise Linux without "disturbing" Windows; you will need to resize the Windows partition to make room.
Have a look at WUBI (search Google) to install Ubuntu as a file, without making any changes to your Windows 8 hard-drive. To remove WUBI, simply use Windows utility to uninstall programs. Or, create a separate partition on the Windows hard-drive and install Linux (or which ever distro you wish to use) on to the new partition. Remember to first backup important files onto an external storage device. Or, download and burn a Linux distribution with an ISO extension onto a CD and use as a Live Disk. If you then intend to install Linux, you will be given the choice to either install as a dual-boot with Windows by installing Linux alongside Windows, or wiping Windows and letting Linux use all the hard-drive.
The most likely reason is that the drive was formatted with a Linux file system. Reformatting the drive to NTFS or FAT32 will make the drive usable in Windows. You could also install an ext4 driver in Windows to access the drive without reformatting it.
Yes, you can. You will need to partition your hard drive because Linux has to be installed in a separate volume. I would install windows first and then Ubuntu.
No. First of all, not everyone would consider Windows an "upgrade." Secondly, Windows does not support migrating a Windows system, so you have to erase the hard drive and do a clean install.
No.
Sounds like a problem with Windows XP. What you should have tried to do is take the original hard drive, put in the xp install disk, to the install, choose to format the hard drive, and then continue with the XP install. BTW: XP > Vista. Linux > XP. You should install Linux, instead of XP.
Yes, you can. It is known as dual booting. Install Windows first, then any Linux distribution of choice - Ubuntu, Mint, Puppy, and so on) second. When installing the Linux OS, you will be offered either to wipe completely and use the whole hard-drive, install Linux alongside Windows (or the OS already installed), or Custom Install. To dual-boot, choose install alongside...
As it is free to download and install any Linux based operating system, it is possible to try a variety - Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Puppy, and so on - before making a final choice. If Windows is already the laptop's operating system, use the Linux CDs as a 'Live CD', which allows you to try the new OS without making changes to the hard-drive (work is done in RAM only). Once a choice has been made, either install the Linux OS alongside Windows - dual-booting, or allow Linux to wipe the hard-drive and install Linux only. Another method is to use WUBI (use Google for details) to install Ubuntu as a file on a Windows machine.
No. Installing Linux is no more destructive than installing Windows.
MS is nasty and try very hard to make things incompatible, but generally linux can read and write windows drive.