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Yes, although the alternatives for doing so are usually less desirable than partitioning / installing in the traditional manner. Note that you can install Linux without getting rid of another operating system, such as Windows, so unless you have particular needs you should resize existing partitions and make a new one for Linux for the best performance.

Option 1

Ubuntu (and derivatives) provide an installer known as "Wubi" on the install disc. This allows you to install Ubuntu from within Windows. All of the Ubuntu data will be stored in a file on the Windows partition. This has the disadvantage of being slightly slower than running from its own partition, as well as not being able to suspend / resume.

Option 2

You can use virtual machine software to install Linux on a "virtual computer." Linux will be stored in a disc image on your Windows partition. This has the advantage of usually being able to boot faster and not having to restart your computer. It has the disadvantage of not being able to fully access your hardware's capabilities and having less available RAM.

Option 3

If your computer supports booting from a USB Flash drive, you can install and run a Linux distribution from it. This has the advantage of not using any space on your hard drive and having full access to your hardware. It has the disadvantage of slower file transfers and a more limited amount of space. Some implementations may also use compressed files, which may create some overhead.

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Q: Can you install Linux without formatting your hard drive?
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