Yes, although the alternatives for doing so are usually less desirable than partitioning / installing in the traditional manner. Note that you can install Linux without getting rid of another operating system, such as Windows, so unless you have particular needs you should resize existing partitions and make a new one for Linux for the best performance.
Option 1
Ubuntu (and derivatives) provide an installer known as "Wubi" on the install disc. This allows you to install Ubuntu from within Windows. All of the Ubuntu data will be stored in a file on the Windows partition. This has the disadvantage of being slightly slower than running from its own partition, as well as not being able to suspend / resume.
Option 2
You can use virtual machine software to install Linux on a "virtual computer." Linux will be stored in a disc image on your Windows partition. This has the advantage of usually being able to boot faster and not having to restart your computer. It has the disadvantage of not being able to fully access your hardware's capabilities and having less available RAM.
Option 3
If your computer supports booting from a USB Flash drive, you can install and run a Linux distribution from it. This has the advantage of not using any space on your hard drive and having full access to your hardware. It has the disadvantage of slower file transfers and a more limited amount of space. Some implementations may also use compressed files, which may create some overhead.
By formatting the hard drive.
Yes,it'll install on any HD that Windows or Linux can install on. It's just the Formatting of the drive that may need to be changed.
You could use a usb flash drive.
You can install Windows or Linux using a USB memory stick.
Unless you already have a free partition on your hard drive or an additional hard drive, you cannot install Red Hat Enterprise Linux without "disturbing" Windows; you will need to resize the Windows partition to make room.
A program can be installed off a CD or DVD, or a flash drive.
The most likely reason is that the drive was formatted with a Linux file system. Reformatting the drive to NTFS or FAT32 will make the drive usable in Windows. You could also install an ext4 driver in Windows to access the drive without reformatting it.
Have a look at WUBI (search Google) to install Ubuntu as a file, without making any changes to your Windows 8 hard-drive. To remove WUBI, simply use Windows utility to uninstall programs. Or, create a separate partition on the Windows hard-drive and install Linux (or which ever distro you wish to use) on to the new partition. Remember to first backup important files onto an external storage device. Or, download and burn a Linux distribution with an ISO extension onto a CD and use as a Live Disk. If you then intend to install Linux, you will be given the choice to either install as a dual-boot with Windows by installing Linux alongside Windows, or wiping Windows and letting Linux use all the hard-drive.
no
Download the ISO images from Linux Mint's website, and burn it to a DVD or a flash drive and boot from it. Once it boots in a live session, on the desktop there is a icon named "Install Linux Mint" and click on it. Then follow the instructions and you'll be on your way to install Linux Mint.
Short answer, no. You can run a few versions of Linux as chroot environments on a Chromebook, but you cannot erase the ChromeOS system and install Linux natively.
Most Linux OS's walk you through dual booting. Choose your prefered Linux OS and burn it to a disc and run it. You could also partition your hard drive from the XP side and create a space for your Linux OS to run in. If you are new to Linux, it is recomended to run the OS without actually installing it, that way you can get the feel of Linux without completely installing it.