No, laminate is not an acceptable subfloor.
yes you can it makes no difference {edit:} IF you are gluing the carpet to the laminate. But if you plan to install tack strip and stretch the carpet, you risk the tension of the carpet pulling up laminate boards at the edges.
Yes you can, if you are talking about a floating floor, like pergo.
I would definitely recommend against this. While laminate can be installed on top of tile, it requires that the floor is level and even. So, if your slate is rough and uneven, it is not a good subfloor to install any hard surface. If you install the laminate directly on top of an uneven floor like this, it will most likely crack and move a lot when you are walking on it. However, an alternative (albeit an expensive one), is to add self leveling cement on top of the slate and level out the floor, and then you could install the laminate on top. This might be less expensive and less difficult vs. trying to remove the slate, but it is not a cheap option.
Yes. You should use a good quality underlay with it though to reduce the noise of the laminate knocking on the tiles.
No, ceramic tile needs a firm subfloor, without movement, and one not prone to moisture. Laminate is none of those.
It could, but unless it's extremely uneaven (like natural slate) just lay down the pad and install the floor. Above all, read the instructions that come with the floor.
You can, but you would have to use a divider strip which will be higher that the surface of the laminate flooring.
Remove the laminate floor first
It could.
ANYONE CAN LAY LAMINATE FLOORING WITHOUT THE HELP OF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE AS LONG YOU HAVE THE UNDERSTANDING ON HOW TO LAY THE LAMINATE. SOME PEOPLE CAN USE THE INTERNET TO LEARN THE PROPER PROCEDURE TO LAYING LAMINATE FLOORING.http://www2.dupont.com/Laminate_Flooring/en_US/applications/installation.html
In order to lay carpet, tack strips are nailed all the way around the area to be carpeted. When you pull off that tack strip you will have a nice mess of holes that won't look good and will be hard to fix. Better to get large area rugs.
wont hurt the laminate, might insulate the magnet..