Yes you can clean the timber as well as possible an restain it.
Rough wood I am told.
There really isn't a way to remove a paint thinner stain from wood furniture. You must repaint or re-stain the furniture.
In order to re stain a wood floor you must sand off all the existing finish. DO NOT try to apply stain over an already finished floor. It will not take. You can easily re coat your floor with clear polyurthane.
Belt sander the fastest way.
You can't stain a door that is already sealed. You have to first remove the sealer down to bare wood so that the stain can penetrate into the wood to the color desired, then reseal with a polyurethane or spar varnish.
You can stain balsa wood.
No, I have tried this and the end result you get is a very washed out blotchy stain that is very hard to apply. You can try bleaching the stain, and re-apply a stain that has a very close color that can mimic the stain you already have.
Wood stain is abosorbed into the wood, so the wood takes on the color of the stain. This is why the features of the wood are still visible, unlike with paint.
Wood stain is for sealing and emphasising the natural colour of wood
Yes, you can stain wood filler to match the surrounding wood by applying the same stain used on the wood and blending it in carefully.
The purpose of using pre-stain wood conditioner before applying stain to wood is to help the wood absorb the stain more evenly and prevent blotchiness or uneven coloration.
Natural stain enhances the natural color and grain of the wood, while no stain leaves the wood in its original state without altering its color. Natural stain adds color and depth to the wood, while no stain maintains the wood's original appearance.