All forms are available from the Copyright Office website; you may also register online through their eCopyright system.
Your country's copyright office.
In the US, copyright registration is currently $35 if you register online and $50 if you register by filing paper forms. See the link in the Related Links section for more details. Technically you're not required to register in order to obtain copyright, but registration is required to bring an infringement suit. If you want to be able to enforce your rights in court, you should register.
yes
yes
Copyright registration (online, fax, or snail mail) information & fee charts are available at the US Copyright Office homepage.
Registration is not required for protection. If you wish to register anyway, you may do so through Access Copyright at the link below.
You don't DO anything for copyright. It is free and automatic in over 160 countries that belong to the Berne Convention, including the USA. You can optionally use the copyright notice to remind people you own the copyright. You can optionally register your copyright if you're planning to sue someone for infringement in US federal courts.
Many years ago, the US Copyright Office maintained a copyright index, which was an enormous room full of card catalogs. The 1918 Report of the Register of Copyrights (linked below) gives a description of how the cards were made and used. The current copyright catalog is available online.
Works are protected by copyright as soon as they are "fixed." If you wish to register a work with the copyright office, you may do so.
It depends what country you are in.
No, but you can register it as a trademark.