There are many types of residents of the United States who are legally able to stay here, and as long as that's the case, yes, you may rent to a non-US Citizen. If you're asking about whether you can rent to an illegal alien of the US, the answer varies according to jurisdiction. I have not heard of any specific laws against renting to illegal aliens but I would suggest you check with you local city county commission, or your state's landlord and tenant laws.
None.
None for a US citizen.
None, unless the country where the US citizen has requirements for long stays that have not been met by that citizen.
probably not..............
None you have to be a American citizen to be President.
None. You must be a US citizen to get welfare benefits.
none
None if you are a US citizen.
None. The US Constitution requires the President to be a natural born citizen.
yes
In none, with the assumption that you are already a US Citizen.
A citizen can petition their parents if the citizen is at least 21.