No. You can not see Mercury from Earth!
mercury is hard to see from the earth because it is so close to the sun. it is best to view mercury either at sun rise or sun set.
Because there are not as many impact craters that you can see very well on Earth like there are on the Moon and Mercury.
See related questions.
Yes. You could probably see all of the planets that you see from Earth as well as Earth itself. You might also be able to see Uranus as well from the night side of Mercury. Uranus is generally too faint to be seen from Earth but Mercury, which would not be much farther away from than Earth is, has no atmosphere to distort or obscure light from the planet.
That might be an indication that Mercury has a similar composition to Earth. For more details, check the Wikipedia articles on Earth, and Mercury, to see what is believed to be inside each planet.
Both Mercury and Venus, being closer to the sun than us, will show phases. When Venus is at is brightest it is generally just a bit over half full. If you were on Mars, you would note phases on earth.
Yes, the Earth is bigger than Mercury. Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system (not counting Pluto, which is not considered a true planet anymore). Mercury is 38% (a little more than 1/3) the size of Earth.
if you stand on Mercury you see the sun 2 1/2 times bigger than on earth
Unlike Mercury of the moon, Earth is geologically active. Erosion, deposition, and plate tectonics have buried or destroyed most of Earth's craters.
Mercury rotates once in about 59 Earth days. That is often called its "day". There's another definition of day called the "solar day". For Mercury that's 176 Earth days. So, you can see there's only a small fraction of a Mercury day in one Earth day.
Mercury 0 Venus 0 Earth: 1 Moon (luna) Mars: 2 (Deimos, Phobos) See related link