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For simple drilling, the vertical drill press is faster to use.
Today many manufactures are combining machines, a mill/drill is one of these. Its a combination of a drill and a mill, a mill removes stock from material (usually metal, but not limited just to metal, it depends on your application), you use fluted cutters such-as end mills. the drill aspect of the machine is just that it drills holes, With the proper speed for the right size drill. Not just "today". The milling-machine was invented in the 19C! A milling machine will drill as well as it can mill, with the advantage of co-ordinate location; but "mill-drill" is a rather contrived name for a class of light machine-tool made primarily for hobby workshops. It occupies a sort of mid-way position between milling-machine and drilling-machine - the latter cannot and must not be used as a mill. Typically the mill-drill has a cylindrical column as on a bench-drill, to support a head moveable vertically above a fixed-level (2-axis only) table: an arrangement which is not only cheaper to make and sell but not ever so rigid and plays havoc with your centring when you have to raise or lower the head to accommodate different drill lengths for the same work!
That would depend on what you were drilling and what the project is.
You can drill very accurate sized holes, you can drill very large holes with the use of hole saws, you can drill many identically placed holes, with use of jigs you can drill holes in many sheets of thin materials if clamped together, you can drill large holes in very thin materials with use of a fly cutter, you can drill holes to a precise depth with Forstner bits. you can mill things flat with milling bits and many more things - a drill press is a very versatile machine
A pillar drill is used for larger holes, more exact placing of holes, or drilling repeated holes with a jig to insure uniformity.
Yes, you can drill polypropylene. Use a regular drill bit and keep speed about mid range. Too fast melts it instead of drilling and too slow may catch the edges of the bit.
A 40mm masonite drill bit could work using the right drill. But consider using a coring machine instead because its concrete.
no, drill bits do not have shear strength, so that technique would snap them. An end mill could do the job, or more practically, use a drill press, and plunge cut many holes, causing a slot in the material. Other option is use abrasives. A grinders, a cut off wheel, a carbide grinding bit etc to open the slot up to size
Yes, the larger the drill, the lower the RPM's should be. Furthermore, the larger the drill, and harder the material is, the more secure your fixture must be. For example, drilling a 1/4 hole in wood, you can hold the wood and use a drill. Drilling a 3/4 hole in stainless steel, you need a vise and clamps, and a port-o-matic or bridgeport mill.
Maybe a drill?
When using a drill.
A 10 cm hole is almost 4 inches ! ! - IF you meant 10mm, then that's a little over 3/8 of an inch, or 13/32 for a clearance hole.