Yes, if they are named in the will. Or if the will leaves the money to you or your descendants. If your husband is not their father, there is no automatic right to the property.
The deceased's estate is going to be responsible. The spouse can be held as a beneficiary of the costs and by inheriting less from the estate.
wife
If the life insurance policy had listed as the beneficiary the spouse only then it is not considered part of the estate and is not subject to claims. If the beneficiary is the estate then it is subject to claims. The only problem with the spouse being the only beneficiary is if she was a party to the claims personally then perhaps she and the proceeds from the life insurance could be subject to these claims.
If the deceased has no children, yes. Otherwise the children share in his estate. This may vary by State.
Probably Spouse first, then his Estate then the children.
No. If the beneficiary dies their estate must be probated in a separate action.No. If the beneficiary dies their estate must be probated in a separate action.No. If the beneficiary dies their estate must be probated in a separate action.No. If the beneficiary dies their estate must be probated in a separate action.
A beneficiary does not have the right to sell the estate. Only the executor can sell property.
Assuming the brother who died with a will was unmarried and had no children, and assuming his beneficiary brother predeceased him, his estate would pass to the children of his siblings. If he had only one brother then his brother's children would inherit his estate.
Indirectly. The estate of the deceased husband is responsible for resolving all of his debts. Since the widow is going to be the primary beneficiary of the estate, she will inherit less because the estate has to pay the debt.
The beneficiary's share goes into their own estate.
The specific terms of the insurance contract need to be followed. If it addresses what happens if the beneficiary is deceased, (most due as part of the template...gotta read it). It normally says it reverts to the owner (which is frequently but certainly not always the same as the insured), which in this case means his estate. His estate is divided according to his will, or the laws of decent of the State he died in. If it isn't addressed at all, that doesn't mean someone else just steps in - it would actually go to the heirs of the now deceased beneficiary.
If the girlfriend is still alive then she can change her beneficiary. If she died and didn't change her beneficiary then you may have a claim if her estate went to your father. You should speak to an attorney. You refer to a "policy holder" in your question as well as an "estate". If the subject is a life insurance policy and your father was the beneficiary but was deceased when the insured died then be aware that the girlfriend probably named a contingent beneficiary on her policy.