a cell
Everything that your body does, from the beating of your heart to the thoughts in your brain, depends upon a series of chemical reactions. The basic reaction which produces the energy needed to drive all the other reactions is the reaction of sugar and oxygen. Without that, everything stops.
I don't know of any way to do this. Nuclear energy simply provides heat, so could conceivably be used to drive chemical reactions, but I don't think this has ever been done.
If energy is released as a result of a process, an exothermic change has taken place. If a constant input of energy is required to drive a physical or chemical change, the change is described as endothermic.
By substances, I assume you mean chemical reactions. Chemical reactions occur because the products of the reaction have less energy than the reactants (drive toward less energy). These reactions release energy into the environment, like the burning of a match. Chemical reactions also occur because the products are more random (less ordered) than the reactant (drive toward greater entropy).
usually adding a catalyst will help to speed up the reaction so look up what kind of catalyst will speed up your reaction. you can also raise the temperature or increase the amount of the reactants Lowering the activation energy, adding a catalyst and shaking the reactants can help make a chemical reaction go faster.
ATP!
Yes.
Chemical reactions are different molecules reacting with each other to form one or more products. Chemical reactions are done in everyday life from your breathing to digesting food to combusting gasoline to drive.
When a chemical reaction breaks a bond there is a release of the energy that was used to form the bond. This usable energy drives the motion of the cell, usually in the mitochondria of a cell.
Electrical discharge
carbohydrates and lipids
The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy and will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy.
Kinetic, because it's moving. Chemical, because of the chemical reactions which drive it. Gravitational potential energy as well . . .
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll
The water splitting step in photosynthesis is critical as a source of hydrogen ions (protons). These provide essential chemical energy to drive later chemical reactions.