it helps in regulation the blood pressure .
pH
aortic and carotid bodies
aorta
Arterial = aortic and carotid sinuses. There are also atrial, ventricular and pulmonary baroreceptors
The two groups of chemoreceptors are the following:1- Central Chemorecepto- In the medulla oblongata, which measures PO2, PCO2 and the pH of CSF. (Cerebral spinal fluid)2- Peripheral Chemoreceptor - Contained in small nodules within the aorta and carotid bodies.
The arch of the aorta has three large arteries arising from it: the brachiocephalic, the left common carotid and the left subclavian. The brachiocephalic divides into the right common carotid and the right subclavian.
aortic and carotid bodies
So there are two types of chemoreceptors that can sense blood oxygen level changes: aortic bodies and carotid bodies. Aortic bodies are located along the aortic arch. The specific cells in aortic bodies that detect blood gas changes are called glomus cells and they sense the gas changes, then give feedback to the medulla oblongata, which then regulates breathing and blood pressure. Carotid bodies are located at the fork of the carotid artery. It also uses glomus cells to sense differences in oxygen's partial pressure and then sends signals to the medulla oblongata.
The baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses, respond to changes and absolute levels of blood pressure. These nerves go to centers in the brain stem and trigger changes in heart rate and venous tone.
pH. When CO2 (carbon dioxide) builds-up in the blood, in forms an acid compound with water called "carbonic acid." CO2 + H2O H2CO3
carotid body
carotid
When the aterial PO2 drops and becomes around 60 to 70 mm Hg, an increase in ventilation occurs. This is caused by a low PO2 in the blood and is detected by the carotid bodies (chemoreceptor), because the aortic and central chemoreceptors do not detect a change in arterial PO2
In the AORTA and in the CAROTID ARTERY
carotid arteries and the aorta
aorta
An example of direct chemoreceptors are the cells located on the tongue. When people taste food, it is because these cells respond to the chemicals in the food, sending a signal to thebrain to let the brain know about what's happening in the mouth. Specific regions of the mouth have areas which are targeted towards specific tastes, such as salty and sweet. This explains why foods can taste different as they are chewed and swallowed, and also why some foods have an aftertaste, as certain chemicals can take longer to stimulate the chemoreceptors.
In the carotid sinus and the aortic arch