makes legal decisions on the basis of earlier decisions by other courts
Common law.
In a common law system, laws are developed through court decisions and precedent, while in a civil law system, laws are codified in statutes. The application of legal principles in a common law system relies heavily on past court decisions, while in a civil law system, it is based on interpreting and applying statutes and codes.
You can change from civil law court to a common law court by using the True recognition of the autonomy.
That is common law, also known as case law or precedent law.
Common law is a system of law where previous decisions are passed down to the next case where applicable. Precedents of prior court decisions are used to govern future court cases. Equit is to be found not guilty.
Common law originated in and was developed in England as the head of the British Empire. It is based on doctrines established in court decisions (precedent) rather than on any written legal code, though statute is paramount and supreme to this 'common law'. This system is opposed to that originating from the Roman Empire called the Civil law system. This civil system is based on an inquisitorial system of law, whereas the common law system of British heritage is based on the adversarial system of law.
The main feature of common law is that this type of law represents the judicial decisions within the court system. The main feature of statute law is that it represents the wishes and beliefs of the legislature.
The American Court System came directly from English Common Law. The Jury system was created by King William the Conquerer in 1066 A.D. English Common Law was created by King Henry II. The system has been modified many times since then. Generally, each state has three levels of courts, the trial court, the appeal court, and the supreme court. Sometimes they call the levels, the trial court, the supreme court, and the appeal court. Sometimes they use different names. Then there are specialized courts for specialized purposes. Some states have a special probate court. Others do not. Not all states retained the specialized English court system. Some states created additional Courts. Still, when the United States became independent, it started with the English court system in place in all states and all using English Common Law. Each state went its own way from there.
No, not in the United States. Supreme Court decisions create common law.
The International Court of Justice (abbrev. ICJ) is similar to US courts in the sense that it's primarily influenced by the common law system even though judges from the civil law system are represented as well.
Common law. Common law is not as binding as statutory law and can be overturned by a higher court or a later court.
Common law encompasses law that is "understood" rather than legislated by Congress, in the U.S. Common law in the US began with the common law of England. So English common law is part of the basis of law in the U.S. Where there is no legislated law in a particular area and courts have cases in those areas - the court will turn to common law for guidance on what the law is and how the case should be decided. This is a simplified answer but specifically to your question - NO, they are not "the same" in the US and England.