Common law.
The High Court in Delhi was established in 1966 following the creation of the Delhi High Court Act in 1965. It has 29 permanent Judges and 19 additional Judges who may act on specific cases or on a temporary basis.
Federal judges on the US Supreme Court are called justices.
The federal court system is established under Article III of the United States Constitution. This article outlines the judicial branch, including the Supreme Court and other federal courts, and grants Congress the authority to create lower courts. It also defines the jurisdiction of the federal judiciary and ensures the independence of judges.
The different types of judges in the judicial system include United States District Court judges, Supreme Court judges, and Court of Appeals judges. There are also magistrates and superior court judges.
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The US federal court system
In the U.S., it varies by state. Federal judges are not elected; they are appointed.
There are many types of judges, including federal judges, state judges, appellate judges, trial court judges, administrative law judges, and magistrate judges. Each type may have specific jurisdiction and responsibilities depending on the court system in which they preside.
In the United States, judges have qualified immunity, which protects them from civil liability when carrying out their official duties. This doctrine was established by the Supreme Court to ensure that judges can make decisions without fear of personal legal consequences, provided they do not violate clearly established legal rights.
Chief Justice of India It is a system under which appointments and transfers of judges are decided by a forum of the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. It has no place in the Indian Constitution. Article 124 deals with the appointment of Supreme Court judges.
State courts are created and established within the legal system through the state's constitution or legislation. Each state has its own system of courts, typically including trial courts, appellate courts, and a supreme court. Judges are appointed or elected to serve on these courts, and they are responsible for interpreting and applying the laws of the state.
The US Supreme Court case that established a gatekeeping function for judges regarding the admission of scientific evidence is Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993). In this decision, the Court ruled that judges must assess the relevance and reliability of expert testimony before it can be presented to a jury. The Daubert standard requires judges to evaluate scientific evidence based on criteria like testability, peer review, and error rates, thus ensuring that only credible scientific evidence is admitted in court.