This is usually caused by attempting to run a pirated ISO image of a game in a CD emulator like Alcohol 120% or Daemon Tools. This can be fixed by purchasing a legitimate copy of the game.
Even with a PCSX2 emulator you play the file and not a disc. You can use the disc to create a file for the emulator program
No.
There are a couple programs that can do this. Alcohol 120% and Daemon Tools both include a disc emulator, so you can use an ISO image instead of a physical disc drive. A good free program that does this,but with fewer features, is Virtual CloneDrive.
Not without an emulator and downloading the game disc into a file
No. It may contain software but it is not software.
If may be Windows software, or the disc may be empty. It is also possible the disc drive has failed. Try another disc to see if it is actually working.
Software will not fix an unreadable disc because it is scratched. PS2 game Discs are not rewriteable and can not be changed so there would be nothing for the software to fix on the disc unless it was a bootleg copy
No you can not put a PS2 game disc in the computer and play it The emulator programs will not work well and they require that you create a file and not play a game disc
ROM
with just the disc, no, but if you run an emulator, then either rip the game or download a copy it can be.
It depends on your operating system. In Microsoft Windows, the CD or DVD disc should be automatically detected and a media player or disc burning program opened on the screen for reading or writing to the disc. On my Ubuntu 12.10, I had to "mount" the CD Disc Drive before a CD or DVD was detected by the Ubuntu. If the above does not answer your question, you need to provide more information.
DVD Fab seems to be the highest rated software for disc duplication. There are others out there also. DVD Wizard Pro and 1 Click DVD Copy Pro are a couple of high rated software for disc duplication.