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The chromosome number is halved during the process of meiosis in the cell cycle.
A chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids during the S phase of the cell cycle when DNA replication occurs. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material during cell division.
The second strand of a chromosome is a copy of the genetic information for that cell. There are 2 strands so that when the cell divides, there is one copy of each chromosome for each offspring cell.
During Prophase
During the S phase of the cell cycle, a copy of each chromosome is made through the process of DNA replication. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information during cell division.
One copy will be made totalling 2 of the same chromosome, one for each cell.
Chromosome replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. This is when DNA is synthesized to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material during cell division.
Interphase
A cell with two copies of each chromosome is called a diploid cell. A cell with one copy is called a haploid cell.
A chromatid means one copy, or a daughter cell, of a duplicated chromosome, which is joined to another copy by a single centromere. Each contain the same DNA and chromosome protein as the original cell.
Mitosis results in two identical cells being produced from the original cell. A copy of each chromosome is made before the cell divides and one of each chromosome goes to each new cell.
An X-shaped structure that represents a chromosome and its exact copy is known as a sister chromatid. During cell division, specifically in the S phase of the cell cycle, each chromosome is duplicated, resulting in two identical sister chromatids joined at a region called the centromere. These sister chromatids are separated during mitosis or meiosis, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.